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Unix commands reference card
Environment Control
Command Description
cd d Change to directory d
mkdir d Create new directory d
rmdir d Remove directory d
mv f1 [f2...] d Move file f to directory d
mv d1 d2 Rename directory d1 as d2
passwd Change password
alias name1 name2 Create command alias (csh/tcsh)
alias name1="name2" Create command alias (ksh/bash)
unalias name1[na2...] Remove command alias na
ssh nd Login securely to remote node
exit End terminal session
sentenv name v Set env var to value v (csh/tcsh)
export name="v" set environment variable to value v (ksh/bash)
Output, Communication, & Help
Command Description
lpr -P printer f
or
lp -d printer f Output file f to line printer
script [f] Save terminal session to f
exit Stop saving terminal session
mailx username Send mail to user
man name Unix manual entry for name
Process Control
Command Description
CTRL/c * Interrupt processes
CTRL/s * Stop screen scrolling
CTRL/q * Resume screen output
sleep n Sleep for n seconds
jobs Print list of jobs
kill % Kill job n
ps Print process status stats
kill -9 n Remove process n
CTRL/z * Suspend current process
stop %n Suspend background job n
cmmd& Run cmmd in background
bg [%n] Resume background job n
fg [%n] Resume foreground job n
exit Exit from shell
Environment Status
Command Description
ls [d] [f...] List files in directory
ls -1 [f...] List files in detail
alias [name] Display command aliases
printenv [name] Print environment values
quota Display disk quota
date Print date & time
who List logged in users
whoami Display current user
finger [username] Output user information
chfn Change finger information
pwd Print working directory
history Display recent commands
! n Submit recent command n
File Manipulation
Command Description
vi [f] Vi fullscreen editor
emacs [f] Emacs fullscreen editor
ed [f] Text editor
wc f Line, word, & char count
cat f List contents of file
more f List file contents by screen
cat f1 f2 >f3 Concatenates f1 & f2 into f3
chmod mode f Change protection mode of f
cmp f1 f2 Compare two files
cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 into f2
sort f Alphabetically sort f
split [-n] f Split f into n-line pieces
mv f1 f2 Rename file f1 as f2
rm f Delete (remove) file f
grep 'ptn' f Outputs lines that match ptn
diff f1 f2 Lists file differences
head f Output beginning of f
tail f Output end of f
Compiler
Command Description
cc [-o f1] f2 C compiler
lint f Check C code for errors
f77 [-o f1] f2 Fortran77 compiler
pc [-o f1] f2 Pascal compiler
Working with NFS files
Files saved on the UITS central Unix computers Steel, the Parallel PC
cluster, Solar/Lunar, and the Research SP are stored on the Network File Server
(NFS). That means that your files are really on one disk, in directories named
for the central Unix hosts on which you have accounts.
No matter which of these computers you are logged into, you can get to your
files on any of the others. Here are the commands to use to get to any system
directory from any other system:
cd /N/u/username/PPPC/
cd /N/u/username/Cobalt/
cd /N/u/username/Solar/
cd /N/u/username/Steel/
cd /n/u/username/SP/
Be sure you use the capitalization just as you see above, and substitute your
own username for "username".
For example, if Jessica Rabbit is logged into her account on Steel, and wants
to get a file on her SP account, she would enter:
cd /N/u/jrabbit/SP/
Now when she lists her files, she'll see her SP files, even though she's
actually logged into Steel.
You can use the ordinary Unix commands to move files, copy files, or make
symbolic links between files. For example, if Jessica Rabbit wanted to move
"file1" from her Steel directory to her SP directory, she would enter:
mv -i /N/u/jrabbit/Steel/file1 /N/u/jrabbit/SP/
This shared file system means that you can access, for example, your SP files
even when you are logged into Steel, and vice versa. However, if you are logged
into the SP, you can only use the software installed on SP -- only users'
directories are linked together, not system directories.
Abbreviations used in this document
CTRL/x hold down control key and press x
d directory
env environment
f filename
n number
nd computer node
prtr printer
ptn pattern
var variable
[y/n] yes or no
[] optional arg
... list
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